Logic: the Science of Reasoning

Formal logic, which provides a rigorous framework for representing and reasoning about knowledge. Several types of logic:

Propositional Logic

the simplest form of logic, deals with statements that are either true or false (propositions) and forms the basis for more complex logical systems.

First-Order Logic

also known as predicate logic, extends propositional logic by incorporating quantifiers and predicates, allowing for the representation of more complex statements about objects and their relationships.

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Modal Logic

deals with modalities such as necessity and possibility, used to reason about knowledge, belief, and uncertainty.

Temporal Logic

extends First-Order Logic to reason about time-dependent statements, enabling the representation of dynamic systems.