HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
This page, almost all webpages are written in the HTML markup language, which is an instance of XML.
An HTML document comprises an <html> top element, which comprises an optional <head> element and a <body> element.
The first line of an HTML documents is usually a document type declaration like:
<!DOCTYPE html>
which, very much XML-wise, declares the top element to be html.
The <head> Element
The <meta> Element
You often find several <meta> elements in the <head> element.
They follow the structure:
<meta name="KEY" content="value"/>
For instante, it is fairly common to include the following:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
Some common meta elements are:
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<meta name="description" content="A DESCRIPTION OF THE PAGE"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="KW1, KW2, KW3"/>
<meta name="author" content="AUTHOR"/>
The <base> Element
The <base> element specifies a default URL and/or a default target for all links on a page through a href and/or target attribute.
There can only be one single <base> element in a document. It must be inside the <head> element. target values are one of _blank, _parent, _self, and _top.